THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PARENTING PATTERNS OF PARENTS UNDERGOING LONG DISTANCE MARRIAGE (LDM) AND THE INDEPENDENCE OF PRESCHOOL AGE CHILDREN IN ANGKASA VI ABDULRACHMAN SALEH KINDERGARTEN MALANG
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Background: Independence in preschool-aged children is an important aspect of personal-social development, and parenting style is thought to influence the level of child independence, especially in parents who practice Long Distance Marriage (LDM). Objective: This study aimed to determine the relationship between parenting style of LDM parents and the independence of preschool children at TK Angkasa VI Abdulrachman Saleh Malang. Methods: The study employed a quantitative analytic correlational design with a cross sectional approach, involving all 60 children as the sample through total sampling. Data were collected using a parenting style questionnaire and a child independence questionnaire , with validity and reliability tested by Maulidyah (2018). Results: The results showed that most parents applied an authoritarian parenting style (27 respondents, 45.0%), followed by democratic (17 respondents, 28.3%) and permissive (16 respondents, 26.7%), while the majority of children were classified as having low independence (42 children, 70.0%), and 18 children (30.0%) had good independence. The Chi-Square test indicated P = 0.000, showing a highly significant relationship between parenting style and child independence. Conclusion: In conclusion, parenting style is significantly associated with the independence of preschool-aged children at TK Angkasa VI Abdulrachman Saleh Malang.
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